A marketing theory in which products or brands follow a sequence of stages including: introduction, growth, maturity, and sales decline.

Process of physically preparing the advertising idea into a print or broadcast advertisement.

All forms of communication other than advertising that call attention to products and services by adding extra values toward the purchase. Includes temporary discounts, allowances, premium offers, coupons, contests, sweepstakes, etc.

An impression on paper of type, an engraving or the like, for the purpose of checking the correctness and quality of the material to be printed.

A method of advertising research that emphasizes measurement of incidence of consumer trends within a population.