An automatically distributed email message on a particular topic going to certain individuals.

(1) To present a commercial announcement after its scheduled time because of an error.

(2) To rerun a commercial announcement because of technical difficulties the previous time it was run.

 (3) To rerun a print advertisement due to similar circumstances.

Additional ad impressions which are negotiated in order to make up for the shortfall of ads delivered versus the commitments outlined in the approved insertion order.

Technique of setting the advertising budget by assuming the point at which an additional dollar spent on advertising equals additional profit.

A summary of the characteristics of a market, including information of typical purchasers and competitors, and often general information on the economy and retailing patterns of an area.